博弈论学习

Ambiguity aversion

WIKI

模糊厌恶(Ambiguity aversion),意指在所有伴随风险的不确定性中下注的话,人们倾向于下注已知的不确定类型,而不是未知类型。比如,盒子里有100个球,你愿意赌能够随机摸出的球为红色——如果已知有50个在其中的话。如果盒子里有什么颜色的球全然未知,那么你不会愿意为之下注红色的。一般的风险事情具有确定的概率计算,而暧昧事件则具有更大的不确定性,因为概率分布本身可能就是未知的。

Knightian uncertainty

WIKI

奈特氏不确定性(英语:Knightian uncertainty),指无法被衡量期望值、不能被计算或然率、无法被预知的风险

Cheap talk

WIKI

In game theory, cheap talk is communication between players that does not directly affect the payoffs of the game. Providing and receiving information is free. This is in contrast to signaling in which sending certain messages may be costly for the sender depending on the state of the world.